Terms Defined

• Absolute Measurement - a unit of measurement that is expressed in finite terms and cannot be altered based on the measurement of any other object.
  
• Relative Measurement - a unit of measurement that have no prescribed, absolute size and change based on the measurements of other factors relative to it.
  
• Points - The unit of measurement used to measure the type size of a font. 1 point = 1/72 inch = 1/12 pica
  
• X-height - The key reference relative measurement of a typeface described as the hight of the letter "x."
  
• Em - A relative unit of measurement used in typesetting to define basic spacing function. The em describes the horizontal space in which a character is set and changes based on the point size. 1 em = 2 ens = 3 hyphens
  
• Dashes - Short horizontal rules that serve various specific functions such as em rules, en rules, and hyphens.

-Hyphen - 1/3rd em rule. Used to link word.

-En dash - 1/2 em rule. Used to separate page numbers, dates and to replace the word 'to.'

-Em dash - 1 em rule. Used to form lies and house nested clauses.

• Paragraph Alignment - The position of type within a text block, in both horizontal and vertical planes.

-Justification - An alignment that spaces words out evenly in a line, giving irregular spacing from line to line.

-Flush Left - An alignment that places text tight on the left margin and leaves the right margin ragged and choppy.

-Flush Right - An alignment that places the text tight on the right margin and leave the left margin ragged and choppy.

• Letterspacing - Addition of space between letterforms to open up text.
  
• Kearning - The removal of space between characters to close the text up tight.
• Tracking - A value of a text block that adjusts the space between characters.
  
• Wordspacing - Adjusts the space between words.
• Widow- A single word that starts its own new line at the end of a paragraph.
• Oprhan - A single word that starts its own new column or page at the end of a paragraph.
• Hypho - A hyphenated widow that leaves half a word on a line.
• Leading - The space between lines of text in a text block, measured in points.
  
• Indent - An instance were some or all of the text lines in a paragraph are moved in from teh margin by a specified amount.

-First Line Indent - Text indented from the left margin in the first line of the second and subsequent paragraphs.

-Hanging Indent - An indentation from the left or right margin, which affects the second and subsequent lines of a text block.